英中气候变化联合声明
信息来自：中国电力网 · 作者： · 日期：11-10-2014
2014-06-30
大不列颠及北爱尔兰联合王国与中华人民共和国认识到，危险的气候变化所带来的威胁是我们面临的最大全球挑战之一。政府间气候变化专门委员会第五次评估报告的发布已确认，气候变化已在发生，而且很大程度上是由人类活动所导致。威胁人类生命财产的极端天气事件，其频率正在增加。海平面在上升、冰层正融化，其速度比我们预期更快。报告明确提出，除非我们现在就开始行动，否则气候变化的影响将在未来几十年更加恶化。此外，化石能源燃烧造成严重的大气污染，影响了千百万人的生活质量。双方认识到气候变化和大气污染在很多方面同根同源，许多解决方法也是共通的。这需要我们立即采取行动。
中英两国认识到必须共同努力来建立宏伟的气候变化行动的全球框架，这将支持我们本国实现低碳转型努力。两国特别认识到，2015年的《联合国气候变化框架公约》巴黎缔约方大会为这一全球努力提供了一个至关重要的契机。我们必须加倍努力建立全球共识，以在巴黎通过一个在公约下适用于所有缔约方的议定书、其他法律文书或具有法律效力的议定成果。双方强调，所有国家按照华沙会议决定，在第21次缔约方会议前通报他们的国家自主决定贡献十分重要。
联合国秘书长将于2014年9月召开的领导人峰会是一个重要的里程碑。为此，英中两国承诺共同努力，支持联合国秘书长的工作，并维持这一强劲势头直至2015年巴黎会议。
英中两国均已采取切实行动实施了控制或减少排放、推动低碳发展的政策。我们欢迎双方已有的在低碳合作方面的紧密关系，这也将巩固我们的国际努力。双方同意，通过中英气候变化工作组加强双边政策对话和务实合作。
英国信息备注：英中气候变化联合声明背景
中英两国在低碳政策、低碳技术和融资方式方面不断加强紧密的合作。这一合作为我们提供了更有效、更具成本效益的方式，以应对气候变化所带来的挑战。合作包括但不限于：
1. 绿色增长与气候变化经济 对于我们的经济而言，向更低碳、更节能的经济转型是一次机遇，它能够推动新的经济增长，创造新的就业岗位。中英两国均参与了新气候经济项目——这是一项新的关于气候变化经济学的国际研究，其研究报告将于今年晚些时候发布。另外，英中两国联合其他合作伙伴，宣布了绿色增长联合研究中一项新的重要组成部分，并且我们正竭力帮助中国推动节能、建立更清洁的经济增长模式。
2. 清洁技术 英中两国已启动一项耗资2000万英镑的低碳创新联合研究项目，为海上可再生能源、低碳制造工艺与技术和低碳城市提供支持。这一项目建立在现有的、密切的双边能源合作研究之上，领域涵盖电动汽车、智能电网、清洁化石燃料以及能源储存方面。
3. 可再生能源 去年，英中两国在海上风电领域签署了新的谅解备忘录。这一备忘录引领了新的政策合作，将有助于风电技术的大规模商业化运用。中英两国均见证了与太阳能利用的宏伟目标相符的贸易与投资的巨大变化，这又提供了新的合作机会。
4. 页岩气 在全球向低碳经济模式转型的过程中，页岩气及其它非常规天然气资源的全球开发能够起到桥梁作用。这也能够明显降低当地的空气污染。英中两国在各自资源上的开发水平相近，而双方将从分享法规制订经验中受益，从而促进环境保护以及利益相关方的参与度。英中两国在页岩气方面有着密切的公共政策领域的合作，未来几年双方将继续深化政策合作，以及商业合作。
5. 核能 核能是一种安全、可靠的低碳能源，它将在未来低碳能源组合中扮演重要角色。2013年，我们签署了《英中民用核能合作协议》，并在此次峰会时签署联合声明，为英国加强与中国企业和机构的合作奠定了基础。我们欢迎在民用核技术领域扩展双方联合工作的范围，包括核废料管理、核电站退役及其研发。
6. 碳捕集与封存 碳捕集与封存是一项重要技术，旨在避免危险的气候变化。据国际能源署预计，如果没有这项技术，到2050年，全球完成CO2排放量减半这一目标的成本将上升70%。英国已承诺，通过国际气候基金向亚洲开发银行信托基金注资3500万英镑，用于亚洲碳捕集与封存发展，把重点放在中国和印度尼西亚。英国与中国政府、亚洲开发银行共同寻求契机，加速碳捕集与封存技术在中国的发展与应用。这包括在中国建造两个碳捕集与封存中心，以及对建设天津绿色发电示范区加以支持。在亚洲开发银行信托基金下，双方将开展进一步的合作。中英两国已在该领域开展联合研究项目，我们将加强学术交流并支持英国企业到中国开展碳捕集与封存工作。
7. 绿色金融 仅仅依靠公共财政的投资水平无法满足全球升温在2摄氏度以内的需求——实现低碳转型的可持续性需要大量的民间投资。这也带来了一个巨大的商机。伦敦是世界绿色金融中心，中英两国立足于此，开展了绿色金融、绿色信贷和绿色采购等方面的合作。双方的合作将持续进行。英国旨在通过气候公共私营合作制方式，促使中国和其他国家的民间资本，尤其是机构投资者（如养老基金和主权财富基金），进行低碳投资。
8 碳市场 碳排放权交易体系能够通过较低成本，实现碳排放水平的明显下降，同时带动清洁能源投资。英国为中国碳排放权交易试点的发展与启动提供了建议和专业知识。英国将继续支持中国国家碳市场的发展，包括为市场准备伙伴计划作出贡献。
9. 可持续城镇化 低碳可持续增长依赖于新型城镇化的形成，该新型城镇化能够推动城市的清洁、节能、健康发展。我们与中国的合作伙伴以及本国的企业进行合作，在《欧中城镇化伙伴关系框架》下推进双边低碳城镇化进程。本次峰会上签署的《关于绿色低碳城镇化的谅解备忘录》为进一步合作铺平了道路。
10. 气候科学与适应 全世界都已经感受到了气候变化所产生的影响。如何降低气候变化对人们生命财产造成的风险，我们迫切需要提高自身对这一问题的认识。英国、中国和瑞士已合作开展了中国适应气候变化项目。该项目加强了科学认识，并使中国具备评估气候变化风险和影响的能力，帮助决策者制订战略，以适应某些不可避免的气候变化影响。英国领先的气候变化研究中心——英国气象局哈德利中心、中国气象局北京气候中心和中国科学院大气物理研究所正合作开展一个新的气候科学领域的重大项目，以支持区域气候服务的发展。
UK/PRC JOINT CLIMATE CHANGE STATEMENT (London, 17 June 2014)
The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland and the People's Republic of China recognise the threat of dangerous climate change as one of the greatest global challenges we face. The publication of the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change confirms that climate change is already happening, much of it as a result of human activity. The odds of extreme weather events, which threaten lives and property, have increased. Sea levels are rising, and ice is melting faster than we expected. The IPCC’s report makes clear that unless we act now the impacts of climate change will worsen in coming decades. In addition, the burning of fossil fuels creates serious air pollution, affecting quality of life for millions. Both sides recognise that climate change and air pollution share many of the same root causes, as well as many of the same solutions. This constitutes an urgent call to action.
The UK and China both recognise the clear imperative to work together towards a global framework for ambitious climate change action, since this will support efforts to bring about low carbon transitions in our own countries. In particular our two countries recognise that the Paris Conference of Parties to the UNFCCC in 2015 represents a pivotal moment in this global effort. We must redouble our efforts to build the global consensus necessary to adopt in Paris a protocol, another legal instrument or an agreed outcome with legal force under the Convention applicable to all Parties. Both sides underline the importance for all countries to communicate their nationally determined contributions well in advance of COP21, in accordance with the decisions taken in Warsaw.
The Leaders' Summit called by the UN Secretary General in September 2014 is a key milestone. In this regard, the United Kingdom and the People's Republic of China commit to working together in support of the UN Secretary General, and to maintain the momentum through to Paris in 2015.
The United Kingdom and the People's Republic of China have both taken substantial action to put in place policies to limit or reduce emissions and promote low carbon development. We welcome our existing strong relationship on low carbon cooperation that underpins our international work. Both sides agree to intensify bilateral policy dialogue and practical collaboration through the China-UK Working Group on Climate Change.
UK INFORMATION NOTE: BACKGROUND TO THE UK- CHINA JOINT CLIMATE CHANGE STATEMENT
China and the UK enjoy strong and growing cooperation on low carbon policies, technologies, and means of financing. This cooperation supports a more effective and cost efficient response to the challenge of climate change. Collaboration includes but is not limited to:
1. Green Growth and the Economics of Climate Change The transition to a lower carbon, more energy efficient economy is an opportunity to drive new sources of growth and jobs in our economies. The UK and China are both engaged in the New Climate Economy project- a major new international study on the economics of climate change- which will publish its findings later this year. The UK and China, with other partners, have also announced a major new strand of joint research on green growth, and we have been helping China’s efforts to promote energy efficiency and a cleaner growth model.
2. Clean technology The UK and China have launched a joint ￡20 million research programme on Low Carbon Innovation, including work on offshore renewables, low carbon manufacturing processes and technologies, and low carbon cities. This builds on strong existing bilateral energy research co-operation in fields including electric vehicles, smart grids, cleaner fossil fuels and energy storage.
3. Renewable energy Last year, the UK and China signed a new MOU on offshore wind. This is leading to new policy collaboration, which in turn will help commercial at scale deployment of this technology. China and the UK are both witnessing a step change in solar trade and investment in line with ambitious targets for deployment of solar energy, and this offers new opportunities for collaboration.
4. Shale gas The global development of shale and other unconventional gas resources could allow these to play a valuable bridging role during the global transition to a low carbon energy model. This could also have dramatic effects on reducing local air pollution. The UK and China are at similar stages of developing our resources and can benefit from sharing experience on putting in place regulation and promoting environmental protection and stakeholder engagement. The UK and China have strong public policy collaboration on shale which we will look to strengthen in coming years, as well as commercial collaboration.
5. Nuclear Nuclear power is a secure, reliable low carbon source of energy which will play a key part of our future low carbon energy mix. In 2013 we signed the UK-China Civil Nuclear Co-operation Agreement and this, as well as the Joint Statement signed at this Summit, forms the basis for us to continue to develop our co-operation with Chinese companies and institutions. We welcome the expansion of joint UK- China work into wider issues around civil nuclear use including waste management, decommissioning and R&D.
6. Carbon Capture and Storage Carbon capture and storage is a vital technology for avoiding dangerous climate change. The International Energy Agency estimates that without it, the cost of cutting global CO2 emissions in half by 2050 will be 70% higher. The UK has committed ￡35 million from the International Climate Fund to the Asian Development Bank Trust Fund for CCS development in Asia, with a focus on China and Indonesia. With the ADB and the Chinese Government, we are identifying opportunities to accelerate the development and deployment of CCS in China. This will include setting up two CCS Centres in China, as well as supporting work at the GreenGen demonstration site in Tianjin. There will be further collaboration under the ADB Trust Fund. The UK and China have already conducted joint research projects in this area, and we will intensify academic exchanges as well as support UK companies working on CCS in China.
7. Green Finance The levels of investment needed to deliver a 2 degree world cannot be met by public finance alone – significant amounts of private investment are needed to achieve a sustainable low-carbon transition. This presents a major opportunity for business. The UK and China have been working together on areas including green finance, green credit and green procurement, building on London’s reputation as the green financial capital of the world. We will continue this cooperation. Through the Climate Public Private Partnership the UK aims at catalyzing private finance specifically from institutional investors (such as pension funds and sovereign wealth funds) into low carbon investments in China and other countries.
8. Carbon markets Carbon emissions trading schemes achieve higher levels of emission reductions at lower cost, while creating clean energy investments. The UK has provided advice and expertise in the development and launch of China’s emissions trading pilot schemes. We will continue to support the development of China’s national carbon market, including through our contribution to the Partnership for Market Readiness.
9. Sustainable Urbanisation Sustainable low carbon growth relies on achieving a pattern of urbanisation that promotes clean, efficient and healthy cities. We have worked with Chinese partners and UK companies to promote low carbon urbanisation both bilaterally and under the EU-China Urbanisation Partnership Framework. The MoU on Green and Low Carbon Urbanisation agreed at this Summit will pave the way for further collaboration.
10. Climate science and adaptation The impacts of climate change are already being felt around the world, and there is an urgent need to improve our understanding of how to reduce risks to people and property. The UK, China and Switzerland have been working together on the Adapting to Climate Change in China programme. The programme has strengthened scientific knowledge and built China’s capacity to assess the risks and impacts of climate change, as well as helping decision makers to develop a strategy to adapt to some of the inevitable effects of climate change. The Met Office Hadley Centre, a leading UK climate change research centre, Beijing Climate Centre of China Meteorological Administration and Institute of Atmospheric Physics of Chinese Academy of Sciences are embarking on a major new programme of collaboration on the climate science needed to support the development of climate services in the region.
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